Final Reflections

 

 1

A New Daily Routine

 Yihan Liu

In this semester’s learning, I have gained profound insights into both my physical and mental aspects. From a physical perspective, I have learned how to consciously perceive my body. Even in everyday activities such as breathing, walking, and standing, I have become aware of how to utilize the consciousness of my mind to control muscle contraction and exertion. Additionally, I have come to understand the importance of focus and balance. These two concepts have significantly influenced both my dance performance and mental state. During classroom exercises, I have recognized the significance of concentration, namely, the ability to disregard external distractions and focus entirely on the dance movements and emotional expression at hand. Meanwhile, maintaining a sense of balance requires a focused mind to stabilize the center of gravity, particularly evident during moments of movement.

First, I began to incorporate simple exercises and stretches into my daily routine. To be honest, before taking this class, I was someone with no exercise habits whatsoever. As a composer, my work involves sitting in front of a computer every day. When I started maintaining even simple stretching habits, I felt relief in the pressure on my neck and spine, making my life easier. Additionally, at the beginning of the semester, I felt uncomfortable performing body movements in front of others. I was not accustomed to this type of dance performance. However, with exercises in class, I became more confident and found it easier to focus on my own movements and feelings. Collaborating with different partners in class exercises also improved my communication and teamwork skills. The schedule of this morning class helped me establish a new daily routine, giving me control over my time.

The learned concepts of being mindful to the present moment is beneficial for me as a composer during my creative process. Just as maintaining focus is crucial during dance movements, it is equally important to be completely focused on the music being created during the composition process. When faced with multiple learning tasks simultaneously, I would tend to prioritize focusing on the present moment. Additionally, balance, apart from its physical application, can also be used to balance one's mental state. During busy times, I would pause to reflect on my physical and mental state, engaging in activities such as meditation to adjust my state of mind. Furthermore, collaborating with different partners in class exercises has improved my communication and teamwork skills, which are essential in any collaborative artistic endeavor. As a composer, these skills are invaluable when working on collaborative projects with other musicians, conductors, or artists, allowing me to express myself with greater confidence.

 

2

 Finding Your Center

 Michael Wu

Diving into this embodied movement and dance class this semester has been quite the journey for me. I've really delved into understanding how my body works, like paying attention to muscle control and all, even in everyday stuff like breathing and walking. It's not just helped with those little aches and pains; it's made me feel more connected to myself, like mind and body finally on the same page.

There's this whole focus and balance thing we've been exploring. Learning to really concentrate, shutting out distractions, and being totally present in the moment has been huge. It's not just about dance but it's about navigating with a bit more stability. It's similar to finding your center amidst all the craziness.

Bringing all these lessons into my daily routine has been a game-changer. I used to be glued to my computer screen for hours or chair in the practice room, but now I'm more about stretching and moving around a bit. It's not just helped with the physical stuff but it's boosted my confidence too, especially when it comes to expressing myself through movement to a degree.

The mindfulness and focus stuff we've been practicing in class turned out to be pretty handy in my music gig too. I'm approaching my compositions with a whole new mindset, really immersing myself in the process and letting the music flow naturally. Plus, working with others in class has sharpened my communication skills, which is a big bonus.

Overall, this class has been more than just about dance moves. it's been about discovering a whole new lifestyle. It's unlocked this whole other level of self-awareness and creativity, and I'm pretty excited to see where it takes me next albeit be grudgingly. 

 

3

Confidence, Creativity, and Self-awareness. 

Olivia Gray
 

Throughout this course I feel that I have developed a greater understanding of my own body in terms of posture, alignment, and overall movement patterns. Through different exercises and improvisation techniques I have learned to be more physically and emotionally expressive without the use of words. I have been inspired to think more creatively and outside the box when it comes to exploring movement and expressing ideas. I have learned the importance of being present in the moment and tuning into my body and surroundings with a heightened awareness. I’ve experienced movement exercises or routines that involve partnering or group work, which has taught me more about collaboration, cooperation, and communication skills. The lessons I’ve learned in this course can also extend beyond the studio and into daily life, helping to guide how I navigate my personal and professional life with greater confidence, creativity, and self-awareness. 

During the learning process, I felt a dynamic and multi-faceted rage of emotions. I felt confused at times when I was learning an unfamiliar kind of movement vocabulary or technique. This would sometimes be paired with either frustration or excitement as I got used to the movement or was having more difficulty grasping it. As I gained more confidence in my ability to express myself freely through practice and repetition, I felt a sense of empowerment and accomplishment. This also led to feelings of gratitude and self-reflection, realizing through physical sensation how much I had to put into something as well as the mental energy required to create a good or satisfying piece of work or art. There were also times of more or less extreme levels of physical discomfort, but that lessened with time and practice. One of the most important things was definitely the sense of connection and camaraderie that came with engaging in movement activities and working alongside my peers, sharing in this process together. 

I learned a great deal about the performance application of movement by developing skills for stage presence, storytelling through movement, and connecting with an audience. As acting singers, body awareness and alignment is very important, and so is expressiveness and character development. We must do the prep work for our roles in a very thorough manner in order for it to translate on stage to a large audience. There is also a lot of choreographed movement and blocking, which is an essential skill to learn for performance. It is also mandatory that we command the stage and engage the audience with vocal and physical expression, both equally vital. Singing requires an extraordinary amount of breath control and support as well as physical conditioning and stamina if you are going to be on stage for hours at a time, so developing your physicality/maintaining your health and stamina is necessary. There is also a constant collaboration among fellow singers, musicians, directors, designers, etc. Learning to work as part of an ensemble and adapt to the vision of the team is huge. Lastly, opera productions often present creative challenges that call for innovative solutions. Embodied movement fosters creativity and improvisational skills, enabling singers to approach obstacles with more flexibility and confidence. 


 4

Maintaining Momentum with Embodying Movement

Gabriel Harley

Over the course of the semester, we learned a plethora of techniques to implement in our daily lives as a musician, and a performer. This course is beneficial for every artist because it implores you to be vulnerable and to take risks. As musicians, we sometimes forget to do this because we become so comfortable in our own individualized comfort zones. If one is not willing to take risks, the likelihood of them getting any benefit out of the course is extremely minimal to none. To arrive to a place of comfort, one must first understand the feeling of discomfort. For me, I knew that I would take this class seriously, while also maintaining a sense of joy because I never take life too seriously. I allowed myself to not sweat the small things, and to push myself to improve each time we met as a class. 

As minute as it sounds, one of the highlights for me in class dealt with our daily stretches. Starting the day with the class truly shaped my Tuesdays and Thursdays in a positive way due to an increase in my energy levels. It was interesting to discuss the idea on how much time we should take to warm-up our bodies after waking-up. Additionally, I specifically remember professor discussing this idea after being stationary for so long, like being on a plane. This discussion could not have been timed better because I was flying to Kentucky the following day. The moment I stepped into the hotel, I implemented the stretches we do in class. I noticed an immediate shift in my posture. My body felt free, relaxed, while also maintaining a beautiful sense of alignment. In addition to this practice, it also should be noted how much daily practice time goes into this course. Similar to practicing an aria, or a sarabande, or studying a full score with orchestra and choir, it takes consistent discipline to maintain momentum with embodying movement. The moment you do not make it habitual, the dance or routine is no longer yours, and it is someone else's in the world. In order for your dance to truly be yours, it is imperative to implement daily technical practice, and rehearse. 

I've learned that many techniques in this course correlate to my major as a choral conductor. There are different tempi, articulations, movements, and gestures that both dance/movement and conducting have in common. I specifically resonated with Laban Efforts in class, and the relationship between weight, speed, and gravity. These concepts cultivate a magnitude of power, strength, and resonance in a successful conductor and performer on stage. Subsequently, the idea of flow is important to note. There are two types of flow- Free and bound. With free flow, it should almost be effortless, weightless, and constantly running through your system like a body of water. With bound flow, there are certain times in movement where time stops, the body can become sharp, or rigid even. As a conductor, we play along the ideas of flow daily. How do we conduct this gesture effectively? How does this marcato gesture affect the sound? How can I translate the energy of myself into my hands? Does this gesture effectively correlate to what the composer is asking us to do? Currently, my strengths excel with fast tempi and somewhat moderately slow tempi. I am still trying to improve on conducting slow tempi with weight, gravity, and pull. This technique is also known as melding in the conducting field. 

This class supplemented beauty into my life. I am able to fully appreciate my body for what it is capable of, as well as, implementing a great physical routine to age gracefully, and well as I get older. My body is a temple that I must respect. Before we know it, we will rot and decay. I will make sure that each and every day that I live on this earth, I give my body the physical and mental nourishment it deserves. I will treat my body with utmost dignity and poise. I cannot recommend this class enough to UM Frost Grad students. You will notice a huge difference in your daily life, and learn from an incredible teacher, and mentor who provides a safe space within the studio.  

 

5

 I felt Liberated

Zachary Kusztos

I think this class is definitely the most valuable class I’ve taken during my time here at Frost. I feel like it took some time for me to overcome feelings or nervousness (though I doubt those will ever fully go away) but a huge takeaway for me is that I just have to trust in myself more! I can get inside my head a little too much leading up to a performance but once I’m in it, I’m in it, and I always end up being surprised by how comfortable I am. For example, I was nervous while waiting for my turn to do my solo piece, and yet once I started performing, everything felt fine, and the stress I felt beforehand seemed silly in hindsight. Another takeaway for me from this class is the importance of working with others. I’ve always preferred to work by myself and while I think that’s still true, I don’t dislike group work anymore like I have in the past. Collaborating with others and being open to new ideas is only beneficial to everyone involved.

I also appreciated how involved the learning process was for this class. I find it pretty easy to daydream in other classes, but the work we did for this one always kept me engaged and present. Everything felt logical and natural and I always felt that whatever we were working on in class was worth doing and applicable to other things. Though I disliked having to dance by myself at first because I was nervous, I understand now how invaluable that experience is for performers like myself. I went from feeling scared to have eyes on me, to being optimistic to share my ideas with others.

A lot of what we learned and worked on in class I already have started applying to my performances, including my recital earlier in the month. Thinking back on the recitals I gave in my undergrad, all (or at least most) of the performances felt stressful before and in the moment. While this class didn’t help me feel less stressed out before my recital here at Frost, it helped so much when it came to actual performance. Once I was on stage I felt liberated, and it reminded me more of dancing in-class that it did playing percussion on stage. There’s a level of confidence and composure to what I do now that I don’t think I would’ve been able to reach without this course, and for that I am incredibly grateful. 

 

6

 The Beauty of Dancing

David Lee
 

This has been my second semester taking this class. Throughout this course, I have realized that the more I learn and understand about my body, the more there is to take care of it. We practiced many different exercises and movements in class, and they greatly benefit both my body and mind. However, I realize that taking care of my body and utilizing all its parts requires significant discipline and effort. I really admire and respect professional dancers who exercise for hours every day; their discipline is remarkable. Personally, I try to exercise every day, but I know that sometimes it is not easy for me to commit to my plan. However, one technique that I have learned and use every day in my life is Laban’s technique, which helps me to be aware of space and my own kinesphere.

I am more confident on stage, able to move freely and without tension. It is crucial for singers to learn and be aware of their kinesphere because working on stage can sometimes lead to injury and dangerous incidents due to a lack of spatial awareness. Mentally, I have learned how to listen to my body. Stretching before I start singing or having lessons really helps me understand the condition of my body, so I can adjust my singing technique accordingly. I have also started to be thankful for and respect my body. I am grateful that I am able to start exercising and try different movements to utilize my body, even though I have not taken care of it for many years. It has been a great pleasure to take this course and learn from a guru who is not just a dancer, but also a philosopher.

The learning process was not easy, but it was so enjoyable. Sometimes, I had to push my body to perform well, and after class, I would feel really tired. Occasionally, I felt frustrated because my body wouldn't move or perform as I expected. However, it was always a pleasure to learn so much about different dances and movements. I also came to realize the beauty of dancing. Previously, I didn't really understand why some people are obsessed with ballet and dance performances, but this semester, while watching the videos in class, I felt like expressing multiple emotions with the body is such a beautiful art form. I believe this realization made me take this class more seriously.

I have been applying what I learned in class while rehearsing and performing on stage. Being aware of my kinesphere and spatial awareness has benefited me in moving freely on stage. Additionally, I now always stretch before my rehearsals and lessons. Stretching all parts of my body helps me to be aware of my body's condition, allowing me to sing according to my physical state. Being conscious of my breath and moving with it also aids my singing. While opera singers often discuss breath management, they don't typically learn how to utilize it while moving on stage. Being aware of my breath and moving with it in both fast and slow tempos helps me maintain control over my physique and breath support.

Mentally and spiritually, I practice gratitude towards my body and appreciate everything it enables me to do in dance and singing. Furthermore, while I'm not perfect, I strive to become an inside-to-out performer. I aim for the audience to experience the singing and acting that originates within me, conveying my emotions without filter or censorship.

 

7

 How my Movements Display Emotion

 Abby Guido

I have greatly enjoyed this course for the past two semesters and I am grateful for my experience. I have used this course to become more acquainted with my body and feeling more comfortable moving my body in front of others and while performing. I struggled with feeling confidence in my movement through my undergraduate degree and this course has given me a much better understanding of my body and how it exists in space as well as how my movements display emotion. Both of these concepts are crucial for a successful career in opera and I am grateful to have begun this journey. I feel that this course should be mandatory for all performers at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. 

I really enjoyed the learning process that this course implements as it requires us to abandon inhibitions but focus on details. This course could easily be uncomfortable and daunting for someone that does not feel comfortable in their body, but these feelings are often dashed from the entire group being encouraged to try each movement style without judgment. There is heavy emphasis on respect in the learning environment and I appreciate that. There were a few times that I felt pushed out of my comfort zone, but I still felt like I learned from those experiences. I would have appreciated a bit more focus on learning specific dance styles, I really enjoyed the classes where we focused on this. 

I have many plans to use this knowledge in my performance and have even begun implementing it now. I have began to use movements in my arias and other performances to help myself find natural and expressive movement, especially in a recital setting. I used this concept of acting out my songs in over blown dramatic ways and then tuning it back with my recital this semester and I believe that performance was very expressive. I am excited to learn a new role with this concept ingrained in my practices. I have also taken the extra daily techniques into my practice routine and I have felt much better in my posture and flexibility as a performer.


8

 I am Grateful

     Robert Maciejowski

 During attending to this course I received a lot of useful information about expressing my feelings. On the other hand I can notice that my knowledge about my body has expanded. Since I came to the University of Miami from Europe I started to exercise a lot. It means that there is a huge possibility that I built some strength and muscles. Professor was offering a wide range of stretching exercises and recommended yoga classes. Therefore, I started doing that every morning, naturally its hard, but I am trying to do my best to be consistent in that.

               I was feeling very comfortable during the learning process. The sessions were professional, always before practical exercises we had an opportunity to learn through interesting materials. Videos, presented by Professor in cooperation with examples very practical. Overall, I strongly agree with the thesis that the learning process was joyful.

               First of all, because of this class, I was able to improve knowledge about my body.  This knowledge is essential, especially during longer performances on stage. The general investment into development of my posture while playing helps me a lot. As musicians we have to be aware of our problems with posture during performance. I am grateful for the wide context of information I have received.

 

9

Your Body Must Have Freedom

  Josie Gore

This class has pushed me outside my comfort zone and helped me to believe in myself as a person, singer, and artist. The stretches, breathwork, movement, and mindfulness helped me to become more in tune with my body and taught me how to release areas of tension that I carry daily. My leadership skills and creativity improved tremendously during our group work, which is so important as a musical artist. It is not always easy to start creating movements first thing in the morning, but this aided my growth and showed me how to be vulnerable around others. I would often be tired in this class because of my night class on Mondays, and I did find it difficult to be motivated sometimes. However, I would always feel better both physically and mentally by the end of class. 

I felt frustrated at times throughout the learning process because of how self-directed the course was. While other times I felt carefree and child-like by letting go of all inhibitions. As adults, we get into the daily grind of life and often forget to be creative and think outside the box. This class challenged that. There was one day that I was frustrated because of some outside things happening in my life, and it was also the day where we had to start vocalizing or singing with our “true voice”. As a singer, it is surprisingly difficult to let whatever is in your heart be manifested through your voice. However, on this day I became so frustrated and overwhelmed with my personal life, that I just shouted, “I am enough!”. As singers, we are our worst critics, and it can be difficult to be kind to ourselves. I finally let my true voice out, which is something I would not have done had I not taken this class. The words, “I am enough” became a part of my final solo and have also become my mantra during a particularly difficult time in my life.  

Everything I have learned in this class is applicable to my field of study. My career goals include becoming a professional opera singer, which requires you to be in tune with your body and to have enough stamina to get through 2 or more hours of intense singing. Singing opera is a full-body workout and if you do not stretch enough or know how to move your body on stage, it will be very difficult to maintain this career. Your body must have freedom, flexibility, and stamina in this field of work. Doing a full-body warm-up each morning before I do my vocal warm-ups is one of the biggest take-aways I have from this class.  

 

10

  Innately Mine
 
Isabel Breakey

My main takeaways from this class all center around the importance of being in tune with and attentive to my own body. I learned that there are countless ways that we can express ourselves far behind just using our voice for operatic singing or playing our instruments. We have the innate ability to create an endless array of artistic expressions of ourselves through the use of our voice and our body. I have also always been interested in being a director for the stage and this class has really opened up my eyes and my minds to the possibilities and ways that I can have artists use their space and their own bodies to better evoke certain emotions or characteristics.

Often times during the learning process I felt uneasy and unsure about the depths of myself that I was exploring and the ways that I was using my body. However, I can say with certainty that each time I pushed myself out of my comfort zone that I learned something new about myself and learned that I am capable of going beyond the self-imposed boundaries that I have created throughout my life. I know now that I need to take that feeling of push and pull against what I am comfortable with so that I can be a fully present and engaged artist. It is only through the growing pains that I learn what I am really capable of doing whether that be in movement class, in the practice room, or on stage.

I think the most profound and applicable take away from this class for me is that I need to be responsible for creating my own art and my own visions. I do not have to be simply a vessel for other people's music, staging, choreography, etc. I can create my own art that captures my essence and my being in the most earnest and sincere way. Even if I am singing a role or a song that was written by and for someone else, it is still important that I find a way to make that role/song innately mine and present it in such a way that only I can do. This can be accomplished through the deeply personal and introspective movement work that we have done in this class this past semester. 

 

 11

 I Opened Myself Up

Cierra Hall

Throughout the course, I encountered several new dances and concepts. Some of these dances had always interested me, but I got step-by-step instructions and background information this semester. One takeaway was the idea of creating authentic art. You must be bold and free to create any form of art. I began to feel myself “let go” as the semester went on. As I “let go”, my dancing improved and I could connect more with what I was hoping to convey.

There is something to be said about getting out of your comfort zone as an adult. When we are born, we are bold because of our lack of awareness or thought about the opinions of those around us. It was difficult at times, especially doing certain things that made me fear the opinions of those around me. I’m reminded of the experience when we had to sing and move in the circle. That was very difficult for me and uncomfortable because I had never done an exercise like that. At the end of the day, I’m glad that I opened myself up to the experience.

I have learned a lot about movement and awareness throughout this journey. One of the most important parts of being a performer is having the ability to take risks. I believe so much can be taken away from this semester and used in our own area of performance. I am learning how to be more free in performance. I have learned to not worry about the opinions of others and to focus only on the story I am trying to tell. 

 

 12

The Embodiment I Feel 

 Iliana Barcenas

From the moment I stepped in the class I was welcomed with an environment of feeling your best. I took away that when you feel grounded and can feel the space in your body your performance will always be better. The daily warm-ups are not only helpful before stepping into performance but just helping your body feel ready for the day. I noticed that on the days I had this class I felt super warmed up to take on the rest of my day that it became natural to do these warm-ups daily regardless of the weekends. I learned what it is to feel the space around me and take charge of where I stand.

At first, I felt uncomfortable and scared of looking "silly". Yet, the freeing feeling of my body after a class encouraged me to step outside of my comfort zone. From the first day of class to my last class I realized how much I grew. I chose to make my solo dance about stepping outside the box and confinement because I felt that before this class I was afraid to feel my space and to be confident of the steps I took. During this learning process of stepping outside the box, I felt more and more confident each class. I would look at the mirror less and less and worry less about how I looked when making these fun moves or singing with my classmates.

Performing on stage at my recital already was proof of the embodiment I feel in my own movements. March 24th I had my degree recital and the morning before my recital, I remember warming up with our class techniques. I made sure to set a space for myself to feel grounded and hold my head up high. I practiced my breathing in and out through my nose and instantly felt relief. On stage, I felt empowered by the lack of tension in my body. I felt I could move easily and embrace the music I was creating even with little hiccups in my playing. It was one of the most successful performances I have ever had especially with my performance anxiety. This positive outcomes just goes to show how important embodied movement will be in the rest of my life and fruitful career. 

 

13

 Rebirth, (Transformation) and Restart.

 
Yi-Chun Tsai

Before this class, I never thought that I could create movements in so many different ways, and I experienced many aspects that helped discover and explore my “language” through my body. The most take away from this class is the concept of “inside-out” dancers (or artists). As an opera singer, I am so used to following the blocking from the directors and doing what they ask for the characters. And I know I can do it pretty well! However, this process ignores the creativity of the singers and their path to discover new possibilities. Also, I could become passive about my own artistry because of someone’s directions. During the whole semester, the instructor helped us develop different body movements before putting the context into it. The point is not to make a “reaction” from any music, any story, or text; it is instead to use those movements to say what I want to say at the moment. The movement itself will reflect what I say and what I feel differently. I think that is the goal of being an inside-out artist. 

However, there were definitely difficulties and challenges during the learning process. It is really easy to go back to finding a context before creating anything, because it is easier that way. Also, I discovered that I have specific patterns and movements that will appear constantly, meaning that those are my “comfortable languages”, but it is really challenging to break the patterns and explore much more uncomfortable ones. During this kind of communication, I understand myself more. I know what things will make me feel at home and what things will put me on the edge. Moreover, I think I also realized the reasons why certain movements are more difficult for me. The whole learning process became a meditation, an exploration of myself, with my past, my present, and my future. 

One thing I will definitely apply in the future is the warm up exercises. I tend to feel anxious before rehearsals and performances, and my body gets tight and locked very easily. I’ve been using the body warm up before I sing, and I found it useful and relaxing. I can feel more grounded and connected to myself. Interestingly, the more I do, the more I can become aware of my body in different situations. Additionally, as previously mentioned, I think my attitude and thoughts about being an artist was transformed. I pay more attention to what I “want” to say instead of what it should “look like”, “sound like”, or “feel like.” Moreover, the reason why I sing becomes clearer. I’ve asked myself so many times why I sing, and there are many different answers. I feel good when I sing... I can express myself through music… I can communicate the characters’ emotions with the audience… So many. However, there is one that now settles me down. I sing because I can understand myself. Through the process of creation, I become more completed. Not necessarily perfect, but knowing my imperfections and ugliness, my strengths and weaknesses. It is the hero's journey. The non-ended cycle of exploration, challenges, rebirth (transformation), and restart.

 

  14

Practicing Extra-daily Techniques

Nick Finley


My most salient takeaway is that I am interested in this sort of work, and in continuing to grow my artistic practice in this direction. Specifically, I'm interested in what will happen to my playing and performing if I make practicing extra-daily techniques (a la Odin Teatret) part of my musical or yoga practice. I found the ideas around this group in the various readings very resonant. I've also gained a plethora of tools to analyze and create movements and performances. Intrapersonally, I've gained a degree of confidence that I can be creative. I came to Frost with a somewhat pessimistic view of the creative merit of my field, but I leave this course with some hope that performance art is not dead, as well as the notion that I have a chance to stir people's hearts with what I do.

I was definitely pushed outside of my comfort zone. I'm generally a very reserved, soft-spoken, risk-averse individual, so a lot of this course was very uncomfortable for me. It has overall been rewarding, though. I came in with a seed of interest in the intersection between music and other performance disciplines, and on this front my expectations were exceeded. This intersection is very fruitful. I've also struggled with the question of what it means to be an artist vs a craftsman for a long time, and I never felt like anybody I asked about it had a satisfactory answer until I got to this course. I always felt like my performances were missing some secret sauce. It was very gratifying to learn that there exists a way to make all kinds of secret sauces.

In the short term, I'd like to bring these ideas to my colleagues. Orchestral percussionists tend to not care about this dimension of music-making, and I'll to do my part to change that. I'd also like to integrate these concepts into my teaching. I'll also be on the lookout for opportunities to apply what I've learned in this class in my playing. I'd like to seek out musicians who care about performance, and work with them. In the long term, I have a pie-in-the-sky dream of operating some kind of musical laboratory where I and like-minded musicians can conduct research. If that ever happens, the concepts I've picked up in this class will form a cornerstone of the organization's ethos. 
 
Sources
 
Watson, Ian (1988). Eastern and Western Influences on Performer Training at Eugenio Barba's Odin Teatre. thttps://www.jstor.org/stable/1124022?seq=1

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